Artist Colorizes 185 Old Photos, And It Might Change The Way You Look At History
Mads Madsen is 25 years old and lives in Denmark where he's pursuing a Master's degree in the Classics (ancient Greece and Rome). However, his fascination with history doesn't end there.
Mads also colorizes old photos. Through the use of Photoshop, he meticulously injects life into black and white stills, allowing us to immerse ourselves into moments that have been fading away. There's just something raw about looking at a person and seeing the color of their eyes. You don't get that with a monochromic image.
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#1 Marilyn Monroe After A Party. A Rare, Solemn Moment Of Quiet For The Otherwise Boisterous Personality
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#2 Ca. 1960 - A Civil Rights Demonstration. A Black Woman Is Glaring At A Man, Who Appears To Be A Segragationist, Donning The Confederate Flag On His Hardhat
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#3 Native American Chief With Feathers, Unknown Date
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#4 Testing A Bulletproof Vest, Around 1920
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#5 Sgt. Henry 'Black Death' Johnson Of The 369th
'Harlem Hellfighters' poses wearing the Croix du Guerre, awarded for bravery in an outnumbered battle against German forces. He also received the Medal of Honor posthumously in 2015 - 12th of February 1919
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#6 Albert Einstein, Photographed Ca. 1948 By Yousuf Karsh
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#7 James Dean, Actor And Rebel Without A Cause, December 29th, 1954
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#8 Eric Arthur Blair, Better Known By His Pen Name George Orwell, Was An English Novelist, Essayist, Journalist, And Critic
His work is marked by lucid prose, awareness of social injustice, opposition to totalitarianism, and outspoken support of democratic socialism.
Orwell wrote literary criticism, poetry, fiction, and polemical journalism. He is best known for the allegorical novella Animal Farm (1945) and the dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949). His non-fiction works, including The Road to Wigan Pier (1937), documenting his experience of working class life in the north of England, and Homage to Catalonia (1938), an account of his experiences in the Spanish Civil War, are widely acclaimed, as are his essays on politics, literature, language, and culture. In 2008, The Times ranked him second on a list of "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945".
Orwell's work continues to influence popular and political culture, and the term Orwellian – descriptive of totalitarian or authoritarian social practices – has entered the language together with many of his neologisms, including Big Brother, Thought Police, Room 101, memory hole, newspeak, doublethink, proles, unperson, and thoughtcrime.
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#9 Unidentified Soldier Of The First Australian Imperial Force
About the first AIF: The First Australian Imperial Force (1st AIF) was the main expeditionary force of the Australian Army during World War I. It was formed on 15 August 1914, following Britain's declaration of war on Germany, initially with a strength of one infantry division and one light horse brigade. The infantry division subsequently fought at Gallipoli between April and December 1915, being reinforced by a second division which was later raised, as well as three light horse brigades. After being evacuated to Egypt the AIF was expanded to five infantry divisions, which were committed to the fighting in France and Belgium along the Western Front in March 1916. A sixth infantry division was partially raised in 1917 in the United Kingdom, but was broken up and used as reinforcements following heavy casualties on the Western Front. Meanwhile, two mounted divisions remained in the Middle East to fight against Turkish forces in the Sinai and Palestine. An all volunteer force, by the end of the war the AIF had gained a reputation as being a well-trained and highly effective military force, playing a significant role in the final Allied victory. However, this reputation came at a heavy cost with a casualty rate among the highest of any belligerent for the war. The AIF included the Australian Flying Corps (AFC), which consisted of four combat and four training squadrons that were deployed to the United Kingdom, the Western Front and the Middle East throughout the war. After the war, the AFC evolved into the Royal Australian Air Force; the remainder of the 1st AIF was disbanded between 1919 and 1921. After the war the achievements of the AIF and its soldiers, known colloquially as "Diggers", became central to the national mythology of the "Anzac legend". Gene
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#10 President John F. Kennedy, Seen Here In 1947 During His Time As A Congressman, Representing Massachusetts's 11th Congressional District
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#11 Frederick Charles Stacey Of The Royal Navy On Admission For Treatment For Wounds Sustained In Wwi, And Seen After The Successful Plastic Surgery.
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#12 Sir David Attenborough, Born This Day In 1926, Seen Here Petting A Macaw Around 1950-51
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#13 Helen Keller Greeting Charlie Chaplin By Feeling His Features
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#14 Audrey Hepburn, 1960s
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#15 Two Girls And Their Snow Fort, Ca. 1910
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#16 Jim Henson, Creator Of The Muppets, Sitting With Ernie & Kermit The Frog
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#17 Frederick Douglass, Talented Orator And Frontspokesman Of Abolition. Escaped Slavery, And LED A Freedom-Movement
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#18 Theodore Roosevelt Holding His Grandson, Kermit Roosevelt Jr. - Ca. 1916
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#19 Victor Hugo, Famous Author Of Les Miserables, And The Hunchback Of Notre-Dame - Ca. 1876
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#20 Abraham Lincoln And George Mcclellan At Antietam, October 2nd/3rd, 1862
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#21 Audrey Hepburn. Unknown Date
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#22 Nikola Tesla, With Roger Boskovich's Book 'Theoria Philosophiae Naturalis', In Front Of The Spiral Coil Of His High-Frequency Transformer At East Houston St., New York
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#23 Mark Twain
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#24 Paul Newman & Clint Eastwood
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#25 On The Left Is A Bavarian Grandfather, A Veteran Of The Franco-Prussian War Wearing The 1868 Bavaria Uniform, And On The Right Side Is The Grandson, A Prussian Officer Wearing A 1913 Prussia Uniform
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#26 Martin Luther King Meeting With President John F. Kennedy And Vice-President Lyndon B. Johnson During The Civil Rights Movement
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#27 10 Year Old George Devey, Sentenced To One Months Hard Labour In Wandsworth Prison After Stealing 2 Rabbits, Ca. 1872
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#28 Iconic American Movie Star, James Dean - Lived Hard, And Unfortunately Died Young
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#29 Two American Soldiers Proudly Show Off Their Personalized "Easter Eggs" (155mm Artillery Shells) Before Firing Them
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#30 Neil Armstrong, The First Man To Walk On The Moon, Training For The Apollo Mission
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#31 Martin Van Buren, 8th President Of The United States, Seen Here Ca. 1855
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#32 Father Christmas Wearing A Tin Helmet Walks Along Regent Street, London, With A Bag Full Of Presents - From Life Magazine, December 23, 1940
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#33 Amelia Earhart, Unknown Date
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#34 Richard Pierce - 14 Years Of Age, Works As A Western Union Telegraph Messenger. With Nine Months Of Service. He Works From 7 A.m. To 6 P.m. Smokes. Visits Houses Of Prostitution. Wilmington, Delaware, Ca. May 1910
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#35 Charles Darwin, Author Of 'On The Origins Of Species', His Flagship Piece Of Work That Put Forth His Theory Of Evolution, Propelling Him To Fame.
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#36 Jim Henson, Creator Of The Muppets - Photographed By Yousuf Karsh
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#37 Joseph Goebbels Scowling At Photographer Albert Eisenstaedt After Finding Out Eisenstaedt Was Jewish.
Eisenstaedt himself is quoted as saying 'He stared at me with hate in his eyes', despite the events following up to this. Eisenstaedt had photographed Goebbels sitting on his own outside in the courtyard, had approached him and taken a photograph of him with a warm smile, and then moments later was confronted with this, when Goebbels had learned of Eisenstaedts 'true identity'. Sad.
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#38 Nannies Sit With Their Charges Under A Tree In Kensington Gardens, London, During A Heatwave - Ca. 1913
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#39 Christmas Truce Of 1914 During The First World War
German and British soldiers laid down their arms, and climbed out in to no man's land for an unofficial ceasefire during Christmas. Supposedly over 100,000 soldiers participated, gifts were exchanged, British soldiers cut the hair of German soldiers, officers swapped buttons and coats, privates exchanged candy - and the next day, the fighting resumed, and the carnage continued. it's worth noting that not all parts of the front celebrated this truce, some parts of the frontline only had small agreements of a minor ceasefire to recover bodies, while others sang songs from within their trenches.
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#40 Desmond Doss, Conscientious Objector And Medal Of Honor Recipient. He Was Given The Medal Of Honor For His Actions At Hawksaw Ridge, During The Battle Of Okinawa, Where He Carried 75 Wounded Men To Safety Under Heavy Enemy Fire
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#41 A Boy Shows Off His Ray Gun, Around The 1950s
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#42 Brigadier General And Actor Jimmy Stewart. Participated In Over 20 Missions Over Nazi-Occupied Europe, And Even Flew A Bombing Run During The Vietnam War.
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#43 Einstein Laughing During A Dinner Party, Year Unknown
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#44 Salvador Dali
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#45 Johnny Cash & His Famous Autographed Gibson Guitar
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#46 Colonel Sanders, The Man Who Created Kentucky Fried Chicken
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#47 John & Jacqueline Kennedy
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#48 Alfred Hitchcock
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#49 Winston Churchill, Pictured In 1941 By Yousuf Karsh, One Of The Greatest Wartime Leaders Of The 20th Century
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#50 General (And Future President) Ulysses S. Grant, Photographed By Edgar Guy Fawx At Cold Harbor In 1864
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#51 Two Riflemen From The 317th Infantry Regiment, 80th Infantry Division, Take A Moment To Roll Their Own Cigarettes In Goesdorf (Luxembourg), January 10, 1945
Left is SSG Abraham Aranoff, Boston, Mass., right is Private Henry W. Beyer of Grand Rapids, Michigan. These men, from E Company, 1st Battalion, 317th Infantry, had been fighting for 27 days straight, most of it during the German counter-offensive in the Ardennes. They’d just been pulled out of the lines for a short, well-deserved break.
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#52 President Theodore Roosevelt
Seen here a few years in to his first term. He had previously served as Vice President under President William McKinley, who was assassinated in September of 1901, leaving Roosevelt to take over the reins. He is, together with George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, and Thomas Jefferson, depicted on Mount Rushmore.
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#53 Ernest Hemingway, As Photographed By Alfred Eisenstaedt In Cuba, August Of 1952
This photograph was featured in Life magazine around the same time, and with it came a few statements from Eisenstaedt on the character of Hemingway, famously saying Hemingway was '... the most difficult man I ever photographed'. Hemingway was an American novelist, short story writer, and journalist. His economical and understated style had a strong influence on 20th-century fiction, while his life of adventure and his public image influenced later generations. Hemingway produced most of his work between the mid-1920s and the mid-1950s, and won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954. He published seven novels, six short story collections, and two non-fiction works. Additional works, including three novels, four short story collections, and three non-fiction works, were published posthumously. Many of his works are considered classics of American literature.
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#54 President Abraham Lincoln Meeting With His Head Of The Future Secret Service, Allan Pinkerton, And General Alexander Mcclernand - Sept. 1862
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#55 Buzz Aldrin, The Second Man On The Moon, Seen Here As Commandant Of The Air Force Test Pilot School, Ca. 1963
Note the Mickey Mouse watch he is wearing as well.
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#56 Theodore Roosevelt In His Rough Riders Uniform, Unknown Date
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#57 Official 1944 Campaign Portrait Of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, By Leon Perskie
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#58 Alan Turing - A Computer Scientist, Philosopher, And Cryptologist Who Played A Crucial Role In Breaking The Nazis' Enigma Code - Seen Here In Happier Times. Unknown Date.
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#59 Buster Keaton, 'The Great Stone Face', American Actor And Comic, Ca. 1925
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#60 T.e. Lawrence, Known More Famously To Us As Lawrence Of Arabia, Seen Here In Bedouin Garb With His Famous Dagger
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#61 'the Cow Boy, 1888, Sturgis, Dakota Terr.' Photograph Taken By J.c.h. Grubill, Ca. 1887-88, Sometimes Titled American Cowboy, Sometimes Titled The Cowboy, I Decided For The Original Caption Of 'The Cow Boy'.
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#62 Albert Einstein
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#63 Ernest Hemingway
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#64 Marilyn Monroe
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#65 Chief Justice William Howard Taft, Then-President Warren G. Harding, & Robert Todd Lincoln, Son Of Abraham Lincoln; Dedicating The Abraham Lincoln Memorial
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#66 Abraham Lincoln's Famously Miscredited 'Last Photograph Of Lincoln In Life'
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#67 Che Guevara
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#68 Lumiére Brothers
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#69 Fidel Castro
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#70 Al Capone
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#71 Juan Marichal, Of The San Francisco Giants, Hits John Roseboro, Of The L.a. Dodgers, In The Head With A Bat. 22nd Of August, 1965
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#72 Famous American Author, Henry David Thoreau
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#73 Lewis Powell, Aged 20, Part Of The Assassination Plot To Kill President Abraham Lincoln.
Powell's job was to kill the Secretary of State, William H. Seward, which he failed to do. Funny story about Powell's distinctive jawline: He was kicked in the head by a mule as a kid, and it grew back wonky. The story goes as follows: "An animal lover, he was always bringing strays home and caring for the injured ones about the farm, earning him the nickname of "Doc" from his sisters. The nickname stuck. Lewis had a pet mule which he had raised and which followed him around like a dog. One morning, when Lewis was about twelve years old, he was playing outside by the back door and was attempting to do something with the animal when it kicked him. The injury was severe, resulting in a broken left jaw and a lost molar. His mother was understandably upset and wanted his father to sell the mule. The Rev. Powell demurred, saying that to sell the animal would break Lewis's heart. The boy loved his pet, and inasmuch as he had raised and cared for him, Lewis should be allowed to keep him." Powell would later be hanged on July 7th, 1865, together with Mary Surratt, David Herold, and George Atzerodt, at the Washington Arsenal, in Washington, D.C.
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#74 Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, Prime Minister Of The United Kingdom, And One Of The Greatest Wartime Leaders Of The 20th Century
He lead The U.K. to victory during the second World War, won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1953, and early in his life served as a Major in the British & Territorial army, in which he fought in three separate wars (Mahdist War, Second Boer War, and WWI). After a sensational rise to prominence in national politics before World War I, Churchill acquired a reputation for erratic judgment in the war itself and in the decade that followed. Politically suspect in consequence, he was a lonely figure until his response to Adolf Hitler’s challenge brought him to leadership of a national coalition in 1940. With Franklin D. Roosevelt and Joseph Stalin he then shaped Allied strategy in World War II, and after the breakdown of the alliance he alerted the West to the expansionist threat of the Soviet Union. He led the Conservative Party back to office in 1951 and remained prime minister until 1955, when ill health forced his resignation.
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#75 August Von Mackensen, (Born Dec. 6, 1849, Haus Leipnitz, Saxony - Died Nov. 8, 1945), German Field Marshal And One Of The Most Successful Commanders In World War I
Beginning his army career in 1869, Mackensen served in various campaigns, received successive promotions, and, during World War I, took command of the combined German-Austrian 11th Army in western Galicia (Poland; April 1915). Then, ably assisted by his chief of staff, Hans von Seeckt, Mackensen achieved the great German breakthrough in the Gorlice-Tarnów area (Poland), for which he was promoted to field marshal (June 20, 1915). The breakthrough was the beginning of a series of victories for Mackensen: the defeat of the Russians at Brest-Litovsk and at Pinsk (August–September 1915), the overrunning of Serbia (October–November 1915), and the occupation of Romania (1916–17). After the Armistice, Mackensen was interned for a year. He retired from the army in 1920 and was made a Prussian state councillor in 1933 by Hermann Göring. Mackensen, a nationalist rather than a National Socialist, frequently appeared at Nazi functions wearing his imperial cavalry uniform; he became a major symbol of the integration of the Second and Third Reichs.
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#76 Sir Alfred Joseph Hitchcock, Legendary Film Director, Known As 'The Master Of Suspense'
Directed such movies as Psycho, North by Northwest, Vertigo, and Rear Window, just to name a few all-time greats. Date unknown.
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#77 President Abraham Lincoln, Unknown Date
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#78 General Robert E. Lee, C.s.a., A Week After Surrendering The Army Of Northern Virginia To General Ulysses S. Grant, Effectively Ending The American Civil War - April 16, 1865
The photograph was taken on the behalf of Lee's son, Major General George Washington Custis Lee, who had invited Mathew Brady to his father's rented house in Virginia. Their old family home, Arlington, had famously been turned in to what is today known as Arlington Cemetery. When Lee heard Brady was coming, he thought Brady was coming on official Federal business, and as such he donned his full uniform and ordered that his son and his aide-de-camp, Colonel Walter Taylor, do the same. One thing to note is that at the time of this photograph, Abraham Lincoln had died just yesterday morning.
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#79 Mark Twain, Ca. 1909
Twain was an American writer, humorist, entrepreneur, publisher, and lecturer. Among his novels are The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) and its sequel, the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1885), the latter often called "The Great American Novel". Twain was raised in Hannibal, Missouri, which later provided the setting for Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn. He served an apprenticeship with a printer and then worked as a typesetter, contributing articles to the newspaper of his older brother Orion Clemens. He later became a riverboat pilot on the Mississippi River before heading west to join Orion in Nevada. He referred humorously to his lack of success at mining, turning to journalism for the Virginia City Territorial Enterprise. His humorous story, "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County", was published in 1865, based on a story that he heard at Angels Hotel in Angels Camp, California where he had spent some time as a miner. The short story brought international attention and was even translated into French. His wit and satire, in prose and in speech, earned praise from critics and peers, and he was a friend to presidents, artists, industrialists, and European royalty. Twain earned a great deal of money from his writings and lectures, but he invested in ventures that lost most of it—notably the Paige Compositor, a mechanical typesetter that failed because of its complexity and imprecision. He filed for bankruptcy in the wake of these financial setbacks, but he eventually overcame his financial troubles with the help of Henry Huttleston Rogers. He chose to pay all his pre-bankruptcy creditors in full, even after he had no legal responsibility to do so. Twain was born shortly after an appearance of Halley's Comet, and he predicted that he would "go out with it" as well; he died the day after the comet returned. He was lauded as the "greatest humorist this country has produced", and William Faulkner called him "the father of American literature".
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#80 Alfred R. Waud, Renowned Sketch Artist, Known Mostly For His Work As An Artist Correspondent During The American Civil War, Seen Here Sketching After The Battle Of Gettysburg - July Of 1863
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#81 Major James A. Ellison Returns The Salute Of Mac Ross Of Dayton, Ohio, As He Passes Down The Line During The Review Of The Very First Class Of Tuskegee Cadets, 1941
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#82 Alphonse Bertillon, In 1913, Demonstrating The Two-Part 'Mug Shot' Method Of Photographing Suspects That He Pioneered.
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#83 Charlie Chaplin Without His Trademark Moustache In His Later Years, Working On A Movie Set
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#84 Ian Fleming - Author Of The James Bond Novels, And A Naval Intelligence Officer During The Second World War
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#85 Five Soldiers, Four Unidentified (Albert L. Burgess Standing On The Far Right), In Union Uniforms Of The 6th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Militia Outfitted With Enfield Muskets In Front Of A Union Encampment.
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#86 Seth Kinman, Early Californian Trapper, Sitting On A Chair Made Out Of A Grizzly Bear That He Gave To President Lincoln
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#87 Lotus Racing In The F1, 1967
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#88 Entrance To The Magazine At Fort Brady
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#89 Clint Eastwood
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#90 Dorothea Lange's Unemployed Lumber Worker
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#91 President Harry S. Truman Sharing A Laugh With British Prime Minister Winston Churchill Aboard The President's Yacht, The U.s.s. Williamsburg, During Churchill's Visit To The United States
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#92 Joseph Hooker Mounted Atop A Horse Sometime Early/Late 1862
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#93 George G. Meade In The Field
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#94 General Bradley Laughing Together With General Eisenhower, While Seated In A Jeep In A Normandy Orchard, Sometime After Operation Overlord Of '44, Probably Early Fall Judging By The Heavier-Than-Usual Clothes
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#95 General George S. Patton, Christened 'Blood And Guts' By His Men, At A Press Conference On May 21, 1945 - He Would Later Perish In A Horrible Car Accident In December Of '45, After Japan Had Surrendered Unconditionally
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#96 Adolf Hitler Declaring War On The United States Of America At The Kroll Opera House In Berlin, December 11th, 1941
Hitler claimed that he was honoring Germany's commitments to Japan under the Tripartite Pact. Later that same day, the U.S. Congress will issue a declaration of war against Germany and Italy as well, relieving Churchill of his fears of two wars, England fighting Germany, and America fighting Japan.
This photograph will appear in Maritimt Magasin Historie in the third edition, which can be purchased in Norway from the 24th of September, any fans in Norway might want to pick it up as there's 10 additional colorizations by me in there.
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#97 Audrey Hepburn
British actress, model, dancer and humanitarian. Recognized as a film and fashion icon, Hepburn was active during Hollywood's Golden Age
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#98 French Village With Storefronts, Soldiers Walking And Driving By
In background: parfumerie; coiffeur; café touristes; transports automobiles; Café Foy; English, U.S., and French flags. (Note: Café Foy is a historic Parisian café.) Signal Corps logo. Most likely taken in August of '44
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#99 George & Barbara Bush, Celebrating George's Election To The House Of Representatives In 1966
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#100 Wilson D. Watson, Marine Corps Private Who Received The Medal Of Honor For His Actions At Iwo Jima During The Second World War
He single-handedly killed 90 enemy soldiers, earning the nick-name 'One-Man Regiment'. As he charged the crest of a hill on Iwo Jima, he fired his rifle from his hip, which later inspired John Wayne to do the same in his films
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#101 Albert Einstein
Born in Germany on March 14, 1879, Einstein is one of the most celebrated scientists of the Twentieth Century. His theories on relativity laid the framework for a new branch of physics, and his "E = mc2" on mass-energy equivalence is one of the most famous formulas in the world. In 1921, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his contributions to theoretical physics and the evolution of Quantum Theory. Einstein is also well known as an original free-thinker, speaking on a range of humanitarian and global issues. After contributing to the theoretical development of nuclear physics and encouraging F.D. Roosevelt to start the Manhattan Project, he later spoke out against the use of nuclear weapons. Born in Germany to Jewish parents, Einstein settled in Switzerland and then, after Hitler’s rise to power, the United States. Einstein was a truly global man and one of the undisputed genius’ of the Twentieth Century
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#102 Groucho Marx, American Comedian, Writer, Stage, Film, Radio, And Television Star
He was known as a master of quick wit and is widely considered one of the best comedians of the modern era. He made 13 feature films with his siblings the Marx Brothers (Harpo Marx and Chico Marx), of whom he was the third-born. He also had a successful solo career, most notably as the host of the radio and television game show You Bet Your Life. His distinctive appearance, carried over from his days in vaudeville, included quirks such as an exaggerated stooped posture, glasses, cigar, and a thick greasepaint mustache and eyebrows. These exaggerated features resulted in the creation of one of the world's most ubiquitous and recognizable novelty disguises, known as Groucho glasses: a one-piece mask consisting of horn-rimmed glasses, large plastic nose, bushy eyebrows and mustache.
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#103 Audie Murphy, One Of The Most Decorated Combat Soldiers Of The Second World War
He received every military combat award for valor available from the Army, as well as Belgian and French awards for heroism. He also received the Medal of Honor at 19 for single-handedly holding off an entire company of German soldiers for an hour at the Colmar Pocket in January of '45, in France. A small side note is the bottom left crest, which is the insignia of the 159th French Alpine Infantry Regiment. He was awarded this device by the Mayor of Ramatuelle, France, on the 13th of July, 1948 - he was awarded this when he was in France to be decorated by Lattre de Tassigny with the French Legion of Honor (Chevalier), and the French Croix de Guerre with Palm, which took place on July 19th, 1948. Another note is the Texas National Guard's 36th Infantry Division patch he is wearing on his left arm.
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#104 Gene Tierney, An American Film And Stage Actress
Acclaimed as a great beauty, she became established as a leading lady, and was best known for her portrayal of the title character in the film Laura in 1944 - she was also nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance as Ellen Berent Harland in Leave Her to Heaven in 1945. Tierney's other roles include Martha Strable Van Cleve in Heaven Can Wait, Isabel Bradley Maturin in The Razor's Edge, Lucy Muir in The Ghost and Mrs. Muir, Ann Sutton in Whirlpool, Maggie Carleton McNulty in The Mating Season, and Anne Scott in The Left Hand of God.
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#105 Lou Gehrig, First Baseman For 17 Seasons With The Yankees
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#106 Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy Serving Under The Johnson Administration, Shortly After The Assassination Of President John F. Kennedy, His Brother - 1964
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#107 Alexander Graham Bell, The Inventor Of The Telephone
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#108 Alexandre Dumas, Author Of The Count Of Monte Cristo & The Three Musketeers, Among Dozens Of Other Influential Works
Dumas is probably one of the most widely read French authors, and his works have been translated into nearly 100 languages, and made in to nearly 200 films. Photograph taken ca. 1855
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#109 Jonathan Smith, Veteran Of The American Revolution - Fought In The Battle Of Long Island On August 29, 1776 - Seen Here October 20th, 1854.
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#110 Ava Lavinia Gardner, American Actress And Singer, Seen Here In A Publicity Shoot For 'One Touch Of Venus', From 1948
Gardner was signed to a contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in 1941 and appeared mainly in small roles until she drew attention with her performance in The Killers (1946). She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her work in Mogambo (1953), and also received BAFTA Award and Golden Globe Award nominations for other films. Gardner appeared in several high-profile films from the 1940s to 1970s, including The Hucksters (1947), Show Boat (1951), Pandora and the Flying Dutchman (1951), The Snows of Kilimanjaro (1952), The Barefoot Contessa (1954), Bhowani Junction (1956), On the Beach (1959), 55 Days at Peking (1963), Seven Days in May (1964), The Night of the Iguana (1964), The Bible: In the Beginning (1966), The Life and Times of Judge Roy Bean (1972), Earthquake (1974), and The Cassandra Crossing (1976). Gardner continued to act regularly until 1986, four years before her death in London in 1990 at the age of 67. Gardner is also listed 25th among the American Film Institute's 25 Greatest Female Stars of Classic Hollywood Cinema.
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#111 William Tecumseh Sherman, As Infamous As He Is Legendary. Major General During The American Civil War, And A Close Personal Friend Of President Ulysses S. Grant. He Would Later Become General Of The Army, Succeeding Grant After Grant Assumed The Presidency
Sherman was also a businessman, educator, and author. He received recognition for his outstanding command of military strategy as well as criticism for the harshness of the "scorched earth" policies he implemented in conducting total war against the Confederate States. Sherman began his Civil War career serving in the First Battle of Bull Run and Kentucky in 1861. He served under General Ulysses S. Grant in 1862 and 1863 during the battles of forts Henry and Donelson, the Battle of Shiloh, the campaigns that led to the fall of the Confederate stronghold of Vicksburg on the Mississippi River, and the Chattanooga Campaign, which culminated with the routing of the Confederate armies in the state of Tennessee. In 1864, Sherman succeeded Grant as the Union commander in the western theater of the war. He proceeded to lead his troops to the capture of the city of Atlanta, a military success that contributed to the re-election of Abraham Lincoln. Sherman's subsequent march through Georgia and the Carolinas further undermined the Confederacy's ability to continue fighting. He accepted the surrender of all the Confederate armies in the Carolinas, Georgia, and Florida in April 1865, after having been present at most major military engagements in the western theater. When Grant assumed the U.S. presidency in 1869, Sherman succeeded him as Commanding General of the Army, in which capacity he served from 1869 until 1883. As such, he was responsible for the U.S. Army's engagement in the Indian Wars over the next 15 years. Sherman advocated total war against hostile Indians to force them back onto their reservations. He steadfastly refused to be drawn into politics and in 1875 published his Memoirs, one of the best-known first-hand accounts of the Civil War. British military historian B. H. Liddell Hart famously declared that Sherman was "the first modern general".
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#112 Mugshot And Fingerprints Of A Young Marxist Named 'Benedetto' Mussolini. Bern, Switzerland, 1903
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#113 General Carl A. Spaatz, The First Chief Of Staff Of The United States Air Force, Seen Here Ca. 1918 During The First World War
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#114 President Ulysses S. Grant & Family At Their Long Branch, N.j. Vacation House, 1870
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#115 Reinhard Heydrich, Second In Importance To Heinrich Himmler In The Nazi Ss Organization. Nicknamed 'The Blonde Beast' By The Nazis, And 'Hangman Heydrich' By Others, As Well As 'The Butcher Of Prague'
Heydrich had insatiable greed for power and was a cold, calculating manipulator without human compassion who was the leading planner of Hitler's Final Solution in which the Nazis attempted to exterminate the entire Jewish population of Europe. He was assassinated in 1942 by Czech freedom fighters, with the help of the British government.
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#116 Ensign Joseph Patrick “Joe” Kennedy Jr., Older Brother To President John F. Kennedy, And Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy, Seen Here As A Pb4y Liberator Pilot, Of The Vb-110 Squadron - Taken In England, In January Of 1944. Joseph Would Die 7 Months Later, On August 12th, 1944
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#117 Charles I Of Austria And The Iv Of Hungary. He Was The Last Ruler Of The Austro-Hungarian Empire, And The Last King Of Hungary; Seen Here In Uniform.
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#118 "Baseball's Sad Lexicon," Also Known As "Tinker To Evers To Chance"
After its refrain, is a 1910 baseball poem by Franklin Pierce Adams. The poem is presented as a single, rueful stanza from the point of view of a New York Giants fan watching the Chicago Cubs infield of shortstop Joe Tinker, second baseman Johnny Evers, and first baseman Frank Chance complete a double play.
These are the saddest of possible words: "Tinker to Evers to Chance.", ca. 1911. "Baseball's Sad Lexicon": These are the saddest of possible words: "Tinker to Evers to Chance." Trio of bear cubs, and fleeter than birds, Tinker and Evers and Chance. Ruthlessly pricking our gonfalon bubble, Making a Giant hit into a double – Words that are heavy with nothing but trouble: "Tinker to Evers to Chance." Tinker, Evers, and Chance began playing together with the Cubs in 1902, and formed a double play combination that lasted through April 1912. The Cubs won the National League pennant four times from 1906 and 1910 (and the 1907 and 1908 World Series), often defeating the Giants en route to the World Series. The poem was first published in the New York Evening Mail on July 12, 1910. Popular among sportswriters, numerous additional verses were written. The poem gave Tinker, Evers, and Chance increased popularity. It has been credited with their elections to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1946.
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#119 James 'Jumping Jim' Gavin Of The 82nd Airborne Division, 1945
Gavin was known as 'Jumping Jim' because he participated in an incredible amount of combat jumps during the war. He would break his back during one such jump during Operation Market Garden, but he continued on with his men - his broken back wasn't discovered for another 5 years.
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#120 Tad Lincoln, Abraham Lincoln's Fourth Son, In A Military Uniform, 1860s
His death in 1871, and his father's assassination in 1865, as well as the untimely death of two of his brothers, led to the severe depression and mental breakdown of his mother, Mary Todd Lincoln, and would later lead to her death.
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#121 William Tecumseh Sherman - Best Known For The Burning Of Atlanta And His March To The Sea During The American Civil War. Seen Here Sometime After 1865 As He's Wearing A Mourning Band For Recently Assassinated President Abraham Lincoln.
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#122 General Of The Army, Omar Bradley, Displaying His Very Rare 5-Star Rank
Bradley gave his name to the very famous M1 Bradley tank, amongst others - he's seen here as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, between 1949-53. Bradley was one of 5 Generals appointed to the rank of General of the Army, a rank made specifically for the turmoil surrounding the second world war. He was promoted September 22nd, 1950.
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#123 Babe Ruth - This Photo, Taken On May 28, 1924, Shows 'The Babe' As A Newly Enlisted Private In The 104th Field Artillery Of The New York National Guard
Ruth was eligible for the draft during the first World War, but never called in to service, and didn't try to dodge the draft due to his sport or celebrity status. He often made public appearances on behalf of the military, and during the second World War, he was active in fundraising efforts to sell War Bonds.
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#124 Guiseppe Uggesi, An Italian Soldier In 223rd Infantry, Who Was In An Austrian Prison Camp At Milowitz, Seen Here Confined To Bed With Tuberculosis In January Of 1919
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#125 Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant Together With His Council Of War Outside The Fredericksburg Church
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#126 Five Star General, Douglas Macarthur, Commanded The Allied Forces In The Pacific During The 2nd World War
Seen here shortly after his promotion to four-star General in 1930.
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#127 Lieutenant General And Future 18th President, Ulysses S. Grant
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#128 Ernest Shackleton, Seen Here Before 1909, Potentially Before The Nimrod Expedition
For anyone interested in the golden age of Arctic Exploration, Shackleton is a person to read upon. He took part in the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition on the ill-fated ship, Endurance. He endured almost a year stuck in ice on the ship, before abandoning it when it sunk into the ice. They subsequently lived on the ice for some months, before shackleton and five others went south by ocean, and traversed 1300km to find a whaling station and send help to the rest of the men stuck. 28 men went on the voyage, and thanks to Shackleton, 28 men returned home. Two of the survivors would go on to die on the sea during the first world war, and the last to die out of the 28 wouldn't do so until 1979.
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#129 Warren G. Harding, The 29th President Of The United States From 1921 Until His Death In 1923
At that time, he was one of the most popular U.S. Presidents, but the subsequent exposure of scandals that took place under his administration such as the Teapot Dome eroded his popular regard, as did revelations of an affair by Nan Britton, one of his mistresses. In historical rankings of the U.S. Presidents, Harding is often rated among the worst.
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#130 Ingrid Bergman, One Of The Greatest Actresses From Hollywood's Lamented Golden Era
Her natural and unpretentious beauty and her immense acting talent made her one of the most celebrated figures in the history of American cinema. Bergman is also one of the most Oscar-awarded actresses, tied with Meryl Streep, both second only to Katharine Hepburn.
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#131 Crew No. 1 Of The Doolittle Raid Standing In Front Of B25 #40-2344 On The Deck Of The Uss Hornet, April 18th, 1942
Present is (Left to right) Lt. Henry A. Potter (Navigator), Lt. Col. James H. Doolittle (Pilot, and the man who orchestrated the raid), Ssgt. Fred A. Braemer (Bombardier), Lt. Richard E. Cole (Co-pilot), and SSgt Paul J. Leonard (Flight Engineer/Gunner). The Doolittle Raid, also known as the Tokyo Raid, on Saturday, April 18, 1942, was an air raid by the United States on the Japanese capital Tokyo and other places on the island of Honshu during World War II, the first air strike to strike the Japanese Home Islands. It demonstrated that Japan itself was vulnerable to American air attack, served as retaliation for the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, and provided an important boost to American morale. The raid was planned and led by Lieutenant Colonel James "Jimmy" Doolittle of the United States Army Air Forces. Sixteen B-25B Mitchell medium bombers were launched without fighter escort from the U.S. Navy's aircraft carrier USS Hornet (CV-8) deep in the Western Pacific Ocean, each with a crew of five men. The plan called for them to bomb military targets in Japan, and to continue westward to land in China—landing a medium bomber on Hornet was impossible. Fifteen aircraft reached China, but all crashed, while the 16th landed at Vladivostok in the Soviet Union. All but three of the 80 crew members initially survived the mission. Eight airmen were captured by the Japanese Army in China; three of those were later executed. The B-25 that landed in the Soviet Union was confiscated and its crew interned for more than a year. Fourteen complete crews, except for one crewman who was killed in action, returned either to the United States or to American forces. After the raid, the Japanese Imperial Army conducted a massive sweep through the eastern coastal provinces of China, in an operation now known as the Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign, searching for the surviving American airmen and inflicting retribution on the Chinese who aided them, in an effort to prevent this part of China from being used again for an attack on Japan. The raid caused negligible material
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#132 Alvin York, Also Known As Sergeant York, Was One Of The Most Decorated United States Army Soldiers Of World War I
He received the Medal of Honor for leading an attack on a German machine gun nest, taking 35 machine guns, killing at least 25 enemy soldiers, and capturing 132. York's Medal of Honor action occurred during the United States-led portion of the Meuse-Argonne Offensive in France, which was intended to breach the Hindenburg line and force the Germans to surrender.
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#133 Babe Ruth, "The Bambino", Ca. 1920, Around The Time He Would've Joined The Yankees
Ruth was part of the Yankees' vaunted "Murderer's Row" lineup of 1927, and during his career, he led the AL in home runs during a season twelve times. Ruth's legendary power and charismatic personality made him a larger-than-life figure in the Roaring Twenties. During his career, he was the target of intense press and public attention for his baseball exploits and off-field penchants for drinking and womanizing. His often reckless lifestyle was tempered by his willingness to do good by visiting children at hospitals and orphanages. After his retirement as a player, he was denied a managerial job in baseball, most likely due to poor behavior during parts of his playing career. In his final years, Ruth made many public appearances, especially in support of American efforts in World War II. In 1946, he became ill with cancer, and died two years later.
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#134 Ssg Hiroshi H. Miyamura, Medal Of Honor Recipient During The Korean War
He was held as a prisoner of war immediately following the actions that earned him the medal of honor, which was kept secret until his release. Miyamura was born in Gallup, New Mexico to Japanese immigrant parents. He is a Nisei, which means that he is a second generation Japanese-American. He was awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions on April 24–25, 1951, near Taejon-ni, Korea, while serving as a corporal in the 2nd Battalion, 7th Infantry Regiment, 3rd Infantry Division. His was the first Medal of Honor to be classified Top Secret. Miyamura was captured by the North Koreans and held as a prisoner of war immediately after the actions that led to his award. As Brigadier General Ralph Osborne explained to Miyamura and a group of reporters upon notifying them of his medal, "If the Reds knew what he had done to a good number of their soldiers just before he was taken prisoner, they might have taken revenge on this young man. He might not have come back." Following his release on August 20, 1953, he was repatriated to the United States and honorably discharged from the military shortly thereafter. His medal was presented to him by President Dwight D. Eisenhower in October 1953 at the White House.
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#135 Carl Akeley, Posing Next To The Leopard He Killed With His Bare Hands After It Attacked Him, Ca. 1896.
Akeley would later go on to become a famous taxidermist amongst many other things.
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#136 Unidentified Man, About 30 Years Of Age, Ca. 1844-60
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#137 Orville Wright, One Half Of The Wright Brothers, Who Famously Made The First Controlled, Sustained Flight Of A Powered Aircraft On December 17th, 1903
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#138 James Braddock, The 'Cinderella Man'. Braddock Earned His Nickname 'Cinderella Man' From His Seemingly Fairy-Tale Like Rise From A Poor Local Fighter To The Heavyweight Boxing Champion Of The World
Braddock, born in New York City, had a powerful right hand and a successful amateur career - He turned pro in 1926. Braddock had victories over fighters like Jimmy Slattery and Pete Latzo, and fought light heavyweight champ Tommy Loughran in 1929 for the title, but was defeated in a heartbreaking 15-round decision. Following the Loughran fight and the stock market crash of 1929, Jim Braddock was down on his luck. He had a hard time struggling to win fights and put food on the table for his young family. Eventually Jim's luck began to change, and in 1934 he had upset wins against Corn Griffin and John Henry Lewis. With these two wins, Braddock set himself up for a shot for the title against heavyweight champion Max Baer. On June 13th, 1935, in Long Island City, N.Y., Braddock, as a 10 to 1 underdog, won the heavyweight championship of the world from Max Baer. The general reaction in most quarters was described as, 'the greatest fistic upset since the defeat of John L. Sullivan by Jim Corbett'. Braddock would lose his heavyweight title two years later in an 8 round KO to 'The Brown Bomber', Joe Louis. He retired after a final win over Tommy Farr in 1938. Jim was inducted into the Ring Boxing Hall of Fame in 1964, the Hudson County Hall of Fame in 1991 and the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 2001.
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#139 Major General George Armstrong Custer, Wearing His Signature Red Cravat, Ca. 1865
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#140 General John 'Black Jack' Pershing At Arlington National Cemetery - "Standing Watch". The Masts Or Towers In The Background Are For The Navy's Wireless Station, Built In 1912 At Fort Myer. Photograph Taken May 26th, 1925
Wall of text with a wealth of information regarding this photograph can be found below: John Joseph 'Black Jack' Pershing is seen here visiting Arlington Cemetery. He is wearing his Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army uniform (With gilded stars, a design Pershing chose himself, which was never officially recognized by the U.S. Army). presumably this is after his promotion to General of the Armies, the highest rank in the U.S. Army (differing from General of the Army, which is a rank that few people have held, including Douglas MacArthur and Ulysses S. Grant, Pershing's is just below the President, while Grant or Douglas' would rank below Pershing's). Pershing was the only living person to be promoted to this rank, while General George Washington was posthumously promoted in 1976. He is most famous for leading the American Expeditionary Forces (Essentially the U.S. armed forces, the First Army of the United States was first established in 1918) to victory in WWI, and for having been a 'mentor' to such greats as Eisenhower, Patton, and Bradley. He also fought in the Spanish-American war, as well the Mexican revolution, he would later fight the infamous Pancho Villa in the Panco Villa Expedition.
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#141 Wilbur Wright, Other Half Of The Wright Brothers, Who Famously Made The First Controlled, Sustained Flight Of A Powered Aircraft On December 17th, 1903
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#142 William Haymond, U.S. Representative From Indiana, A Surgeon In The Union Army During The Civil War, And Part-Time Wookie Impersonator
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#143 Erwin Rommel As A Lieutenant, Wearing A Pour Le Mérite After The Battle Of Caporetto, Italy 1917
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#144 Dom Pedro II, The Last Emperor Of Brazil, Ca. 1885
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#145 John Joseph 'Black Jack' Pershing Is Seen Here Sitting For A Portrait In 1945, Taken By Yousuf Karsh
Pershing was promoted to General of the Armies (The highest rank in the U.S. Army), differing from General of the Army, which itself is a rank that a few people have held, including Douglas MacArthur and Ulysses S. Grant. Pershing's rank is just below the President, while Grant or Douglas' would rank below Pershing's. Pershing was the only living person to be promoted to this rank, while General George Washington was posthumously promoted in 1976. He is most famous for leading the American Expeditionary Forces (Essentially the U.S. armed forces, the First Army of the United States was first established in 1918) to victory in WWI, and for having been a 'mentor' to such greats as Eisenhower, Patton, and Bradley. He also fought in the Spanish-American war, as well the Mexican revolution, where he fought Pancho Villa's forces during the Pancho Villa Expedition.
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#146 Sergeant York, November Of 1939, Shortly After Germany Had Declared War On England, Effectively Launching The World In To Yet Another World War, Which York Knew All Too Well
Alvin York, also known as Sergeant York, was one of the most decorated United States Army soldiers of World War I. He received the Medal of Honor for leading an attack on a German machine gun nest, taking 35 machine guns, killing at least 25 enemy soldiers, and capturing 132. York's Medal of Honor action occurred during the United States-led portion of the Meuse-Argonne Offensive in France, which was intended to breach the Hindenburg line and force the Germans to surrender.
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#147 J. Hamilton Lewis, Representative From Washington, And A Senator From Illinois, He Was The First Senator To Hold The Title Of 'Whip' In The Senate, Later Again Served As The 5th Whip, And Served In The Spanish-American War - Ca. 1913
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#148 Antanas Stašaitis, Lithuanian Flying Ace, 1923
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#149 Westover Landing, August 1862 4 Union Cavalry Officers Of The 4th Pennsylvania Cavalry Relaxing
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#150 John 'Gray Ghost' Mosby, Colonel Of The Confederate Cavalry, Lead The 43rd Battalion, Virginia Cavalry, Also Known As 'Mosby's Raiders'
In March 1863, Mosby conducted a daring raid far inside Union lines near the Fairfax County courthouse. He and his men captured three Union officers, including Brig. Gen. Edwin H. Stoughton. Mosby wrote in his memoirs that he found Stoughton in bed and roused him with a "spank on his bare back." Upon being so rudely awakened the general indignantly asked what this meant. Mosby quickly asked if he had ever heard of "Mosby". The general replied, "Yes, have you caught him?" "I am Mosby," the Confederate ranger said. "Stuart's cavalry has possession of the Court House; be quick and dress." Mosby and his 29 men had captured a Union general, two captains, 30 enlisted men, and 58 horses without firing a shot. Mosby was formally promoted to the rank of captain two days later, on March 15, 1863, and major on March 26, 1863.
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#151 Lee Harvey Oswald Being LED Down The Dallas Police Headquarters Basement On November 23rd, 1963 - A Day Before His Murder - To Face Further Questioning In Regards To His Involvement In The Assassination Of President John F. Kennedy.
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#152 Brigadier General Anthony C. Mcauliffe In Bastogne, Belgium. He Gave The Single-Word Reply Of 'Nuts!' To A German Surrender.
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#153 Kansas City Chiefs Quarterback Len Dawson Having A Cigarette And A Fresca After Losing The Very First Superbowl In 1967
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#154 Thomas Edison With His Second Phonograph, Photographed By Mathew Brady In Washington, April 1878
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#155 Pilot. Unknown Date
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#156 General George C. Marshall, U.S. Army Chief Of Staff During Wwii, Later Secretary Of State And Defense During The Truman And Later Eisenhower Administrations - He Also Gave Name To The Marshall Plan In 1953, For Which He Received The Nobel Peace Prize
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#157 Mark Twain, Born Samuel Clemens, Was An American Humorist And Author Of Such Books As The Adventures Of Tom Sawyer, And The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn - Unknown Date
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#158 Ferdinand Foch, Marshal Of France, Poland, And The United Kingdom - Commander In Chief Of All Allied Forces During World War I, Seen Here Ca. 1921
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#159 Walt Whitman
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#160 Michael O'laughlen - A Conspirator In The Lincoln Assassination - Manacled. Sentenced To Life In Prison And Died Of Yellow Fever In 1867.
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#161 Samuel Arnold, Conspirator - Involved In The Plot To Kidnap President Lincoln. April Of 1865
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#162 Miss Waugh. No More Information Available. Taken Around 1863-65.
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#163 Major General Ambrose Burnside Of The Union. He Is The Namesake For Sideburns, Coming From His Last Name, Due To His Own Unique Set - Ca. 1865
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#164 Sailor. Unknown Date
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#165 A Soldier, Carmel, 1943 - By Johan Hagemeyer
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#166 Francis C. Barlow, General Of The Union Army
Seen here in his late 20s or early 30s. An atypical General, with a boyish face, without the typical beard, and a thin voice. Barlow strikes me as a person I wouldn't look twice at if I saw him on the street today, which is why I've always been fascinated by his portrait.
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#167 Brigadier General Henry Hopkins Sibley Of The C.s.a.
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#168 1st Lieutenant Joseph Abbott Of The 12th Regiment, Texas Cavalry. Abbott Later Became A Politician In Texas
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#169 Calvin Coolidge, 30th President Of The United States
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#170 General 'Stonewall' Jackson, Legendary Confederate General, Second Only In Fame To Robert E. Lee Himself
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#171 William Mckinley, The 25th President Of The United States
McKinley served from March 4, 1897 until his assassination in September 1901, six months into his second term. McKinley led the nation to victory in the Spanish–American War, raised protective tariffs to promote American industry, and maintained the nation on the gold standard in a rejection of free silver (effectively, expansionary monetary policy). McKinley was the last president to have served in the American Civil War, and the only one to have started the war as an enlisted soldier, beginning as a private in the Union Army and ending as a brevet major. After the war, he settled in Canton, Ohio, where he practiced law and married Ida Saxton. In 1876, he was elected to Congress, where he became the Republican Party's expert on the protective tariff, which he promised would bring prosperity. His 1890 McKinley Tariff was highly controversial; which together with a Democratic redistricting aimed at gerrymandering him out of office, led to his defeat in the Democratic landslide of 1890. He was elected Ohio's governor in 1891 and 1893, steering a moderate course between capital and labor interests. With the aid of his close adviser Mark Hanna, he secured the Republican nomination for president in 1896, amid a deep economic depression. He defeated his Democratic rival, William Jennings Bryan, after a front-porch campaign in which he advocated "sound money" (the gold standard unless altered by international agreement) and promised that high tariffs would restore prosperity.
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#172 Major (Pictured As Brigadier) General George Armstrong Custer
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#173 Airman 1st Class William H. Pitsenbarger, 38th Rescue Squadron Of The U.S. Air Force, During The Vietnam War - He Received The Medal Of Honor Posthumously For Saving 9 Fellow Soldiers In 1966 During Heavy Fighting In Cam My, Seen Here Ca. 1965
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#174 General Sir Arthur Currie, Who Commanded The 1st Canadian Division At Vimy Ridge, On Apr 9 1917
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#175 Major General Gershom Mott, Of The Union, Ca. 1865-70
A surprisingly contemporary looking man, I was always struck by his appearance, his neat beard, and styled hair.
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#176 A German Soldier After He Had Been Captured By American Troops Near Nicosia In July Of '43
Also a good double for Christian Bale.
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#177 Elizabeth Taylor
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#178 Major General Romeyn B. Ayres Of The Union Army
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#179 Henri Philippe Benoni Omer Joseph Pétain (24 April 1856 – 23 July 1951), Generally Known As Philippe Pétain Or Marshal Pétain (Maréchal Pétain)
a French general who reached the distinction of Marshal of France, and was later Chief of State of Vichy France (Chef de l'État Français), from 1940 to 1944. Pétain, who was 84 years old in 1940, ranks as France's oldest head of state. Petain was a national hero in France for his role in the defense of Verdun in World War One, but was later discredited and sentenced to death as head of the French collaborationist government at Vichy in World War Two. Henri Philippe Pétain was born on 24 April 1856 into a farming family from northern France. He joined the French army in 1876. After a number of World War One commands, in 1916, Pétain was ordered to stop the massive German attack on the city of Verdun. He reorganized the front lines and transport systems and was able to inspire his troops, turning a near-hopeless situation into a successful defense. He became a popular hero and replaced General Robert Nivelle as commander-in-chief of the French army. Pétain then successfully re-established discipline after a series of mutinies by explaining his intentions to the soldiers personally and improving their living conditions. In November 1918, he was made a marshal of France. In 1934, Pétain was appointed minister of war, and then secretary of state in the following year. In 1939, he was appointed French ambassador to Spain. In May 1940, with France under attack from Germany, Pétain was appointed vice premier. In June he asked for an armistice, upon which he was appointed 'chief of state', enjoying almost absolute powers. The armistice gave the Germans control over the north and west of France, including Paris, but left the remainder as a separate regime under Pétain, with its capital at Vichy. Officially neutral, in practice the regime collaborated closely with Germany, and brought in its own anti-Semitic legislation. In December 1940, Pétain dismissed his vice-premier, Pierre Laval, for his policy of close Franco-German collaboration.
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#180 General Peyton C. March, Army Chief Of Staff During Wwi, He Largely Designed The Power The Role Held In Later Years; Seen Here Ca. 1920 After His Promotion To 4-Star General.
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#181 Brigadier General Darius N. Couch, Career U.S. Army Officer - Served During The Mexican-American War, And The American Civil War. He's Seen Here Between 1861 And 62, In A Photograph By Mathew Brady
In the early 1850s, he conducted several scientific missions in the Northern parts of Mexico on the behalf of the Smithsonian, discovering (and laying name to) Couch's Kingbird, and Couch's Spadefoot Toad.
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#182 Calvin Coolidge (1872-1933), The 30th U.S. President
Coolidge led the nation through most of the Roaring Twenties, a decade of dynamic social and cultural change, materialism and excess. He took office on August 3, 1923, following the sudden death of President Warren G. Harding (1865-1923), whose administration was riddled with scandal. Nicknamed “Silent Cal” for his quiet, steadfast and frugal nature, Coolidge, a former Republican governor of Massachusetts, cleaned up the rampant corruption of the Harding administration and provided a model of stability and respectability for the American people in an era of fast-paced modernization. He was a pro-business conservative who favored tax cuts and limited government spending. Yet some of his laissez-faire policies also contributed to the economic problems that erupted into the Great Depression.
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#183 Major General Gershom Mott Of The Union, Ca. 1865
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#184 Union Rear Admiral John A. Dahlgren, Between 1860-70
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#185 Thomas 'Stonewall' Jackson, Of The Confederacy, Unknown Date
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